Play the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major and you play Am – C – D. Three chords that set up a resolution without stating the tonic first — a progression that starts in the middle of the story. The sections below break the sequence down chord by chord, explain when to use it and show you variations.
What is the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major?
The ii–IV–V chord progression in G major is a progression in G major with the degrees ii–IV–V and the chord sequence Am – C – D. The chords are diatonic to G major except where the progression itself calls for a borrowed or altered chord, and the table below shows every chord in order with its degree.
| Bar | Degree | Chord |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ii | Am |
| 2 | IV | C |
| 3 | V | D |
Am is the minor chord built from A, C, E. In the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major it appears 1 time, and its job is to anchor the progression as the tonic — the chord the phrase returns to. Learn it on its own page — Am guitar chord — and practise the change into it from the chord before it in the sequence above.
C is the major chord built from C, E, G. In the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major it appears 1 time, and its job is to add colour and movement between the anchor chords. Learn it on its own page — C guitar chord — and practise the change into it from the chord before it in the sequence above.
D is the major chord built from D, F#, A. In the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major it appears 1 time, and its job is to add colour and movement between the anchor chords. Learn it on its own page — D guitar chord — and practise the change into it from the chord before it in the sequence above.
When to use it
The ii–IV–V chord progression in G major feels open, jazzy and unresolved, and it is used most in jazz and pop. Three chords that set up a resolution without stating the tonic first — a progression that starts in the middle of the story. That feel is the reason to choose this progression: when the music needs that mood, this sequence delivers it with the least effort, because the chords do the emotional work for you.
Over the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major, the scales that fit best are the G major scale, G minor pentatonic scale, G blues scale. The major scale fits the major chords, the minor pentatonic fits almost everything in the progression, and the blues scale adds the flattened notes that suit the dominant 7th chords where the progression has them. Start by soloing with the minor pentatonic scale over the whole progression, then try the major scale over the tonic chord and listen to how the colour changes. The Chord Progression Builder lets you hear the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major in any key, and the Progression Finder identifies a progression from its chords.
Variations
Extending the V to D7: Am – C – D7. Turn the V chord into D7 by adding the flattened 7th. The dominant 7th pulls harder toward the tonic, so the resolution feels stronger.
Swapping IV for Am: Am – Am – D. Replace the IV chord with the ii chord. The two chords share two notes, so the substitution is smooth, and the progression sounds a little more jazzy and a little less direct.
The same progression in other keys
The same progression in other keys is ii–IV–V in C major, ii–IV–V in C# major, ii–IV–V in D major, ii–IV–V in D# major. The degrees stay the same — ii–IV–V — and only the chords change, because each key has its own set of diatonic chords. Learning the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major as a pattern of degrees, rather than as a list of chord names, is what lets you play it in any key: the pattern is portable, the chords are not. Try the progression in the key a fourth above G major next, then a fifth above, and use the Chord Transposer to move the whole sequence to a new key in one step. The key pages for those keys — for example the key of C major — list the diatonic chords you will need.
Practising the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major
A good way to practise the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major is to play it three times in a row without stopping: once slowly, once at a comfortable tempo, and once while humming a simple melody over the top. The melody does not need to be clever — three or four notes from the key of G major are enough — because the point is to hear how the chords support a melody, not to write a song. Then try the progression with a different rhythm: play each chord as an arpeggio instead of a block chord, or strum it with a pattern from the Strumming Pattern Finder and keep time with the Metronome. The sequence is Am – C – D and the degrees are ii–IV–V; once you can play it without looking at the page, you know the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major.
For a second practice step, take the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major apart chord by chord. Play the first chord on its own and hold it for two bars, listening to its sound in the key of G major, then add the second chord, then the third, until the whole sequence Am – C – D is running. That slow build is the fastest way to learn a progression, because it teaches you the change between each pair of chords rather than the sequence as a blur. When the changes are clean at a slow tempo, raise the tempo a little at a time with the Metronome, and try the progression in the neighbouring keys linked above, where the degrees ii–IV–V stay the same and only the chord names change.
Frequently asked questions
What chords are in the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major?
The ii–IV–V chord progression in G major uses the chords Am – C – D. Those chords, in that order, are the whole progression — play them one per bar and you are playing the progression as written.
What key is the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major in?
It is in G major. The degrees are ii–IV–V, and the chords are the diatonic chords of that key, so the progression belongs to G major and the scales of that key fit over it.
How many chords are in the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major?
There are 3 chords in the sequence, with 3 distinct chords: Am, C, D. The repeated chords are part of the pattern — repetition is what makes a progression memorable.
What scale should I play over the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major?
The G major scale, the G minor pentatonic scale and the G blues scale all fit, as explained in the section above. Start with the minor pentatonic, which fits over the whole progression, and add the major scale over the tonic chord.
Can I play the ii–IV–V chord progression in G major in another key?
Yes. The degrees stay the same — ii–IV–V — and only the chords change. The section above links the same progression in other keys, and the Chord Transposer moves the whole sequence to any key you choose.